During the reign of the Nabataean king Aretas IV (9 BC–40 AD), a magnificent ornamental garden and pool complex (paradeisos) was laid out to the east of the Great Temple. This was probably like a public paradise in the middle of the city, rich with vegetation, shaded trees, and surrounded by water.  The garden terrace, 67 x 53 m, is 6 meters above Colonnaded Street, while a 43 x 24 and 2.5 m deep pool complex is located adjacent. In the center of it stood an island pavilion with a stone base from which views of the garden paradise could be enjoyed. The interior of the pavilion was constructed such that two kline (dining chairs) could be placed opposite each other, allowing waiters to walk around them.

The complex was equipped with an intricate hydraulic system that fed the pool and also irrigated the garden terrace through stone conduits and ceramic pipelines.

Given its exquisite setting and intricate architecture, the complex appears to have been designed for Petra's wealthy population. Its prominent display of water and vegetation acted as a sign of the city's growing wealth.